ChatGPT 5.4 vs Claude Opus 4.6 vs Gemini 3.1 Pro: Full Report and Comparison, Feature Set, Pricing, Availability, Performance, and more
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ChatGPT 5.4, Claude Opus 4.6, and Gemini 3.1 Pro sit in the same high-end product category, though they are not exposed in the same way, they are not priced in the same way, and they do not reach one-million-scale context under the same operational conditions.
All three are positioned by their vendors as advanced models for difficult professional work.
That overlap is real.
The product logic behind each one is different.
OpenAI presents GPT-5.4 as its frontier model for complex professional work across ChatGPT, the API, and Codex.
Anthropic presents Claude Opus 4.6 as its premium Opus model for agents, coding, and long-context work across Claude and the Claude API.
Google presents Gemini 3.1 Pro as its most advanced model for complex tasks, with strong emphasis on reasoning, multimodality, and agentic coding across Gemini consumer and developer surfaces.
At a distance, the three look easy to group together.
At close range, the differences become operational.
The most important ones appear in availability, context posture, pricing, output ceilings, and the way each vendor frames tool use and developer deployment.
That is where the comparison becomes useful.
It stops being a generic model ranking and becomes a selection framework grounded in product structure.
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The three models are in the same premium class, though their official execution posture is not the same.
OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google all present these models as high-end systems for demanding work, while the exact contract attached to each model differs from the start.
GPT-5.4 is framed by OpenAI as a frontier model for complex professional work.
That positioning is broad.
It covers reasoning-heavy tasks, coding, research, documents, spreadsheets, and more structured professional execution across several product surfaces.
Claude Opus 4.6 is framed by Anthropic as the top-end Opus model for the hardest tasks inside the Claude stack.
The emphasis there is sharper around agents, coding, long-context work, and higher-end enterprise or developer use.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is framed by Google as its most advanced model for complex tasks.
The official language leans into reasoning, multimodal understanding, instruction following, and agentic coding.
The result is a three-way comparison where all three belong to the same serious tier, though they are not substitutes in the simplest sense.
GPT-5.4 is a flagship spread across a broader OpenAI platform structure.
Claude Opus 4.6 is the premium specialist layer at the top of the Claude system.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is Google’s top reasoning-and-multimodal model in the reviewed source set, with both consumer and developer-facing positioning.
That distinction matters before a single benchmark or price is introduced.
A product that is broad by design behaves differently in selection logic from one that is premium and more concentrated.
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· GPT-5.4 is positioned as OpenAI’s frontier model for complex professional work.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is positioned as Anthropic’s premium Opus model for agents, coding, and hard tasks.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is positioned as Google’s most advanced model for complex reasoning and multimodal work.
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Official model posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Official posture | Frontier model for complex professional work | Premium Opus model for agents, coding, and hard tasks | Google’s most advanced model for complex tasks |
Main emphasis | Professional execution, coding, research, documents | Agentic planning, coding, long-context work | Reasoning, multimodality, instruction following, agentic coding |
Product role | Broad flagship across multiple OpenAI surfaces | Top-tier premium Claude model | Top-end Google reasoning model |
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Availability is strong on all three sides, though the surface logic is different.
All three models are available across consumer-facing and developer-facing channels, while the way they are exposed and named is not uniform.
GPT-5.4 is available in ChatGPT, in the OpenAI API, and in Codex.
That is a wide and explicit surface map.
OpenAI also distinguishes between GPT-5.4 Thinking and GPT-5.4 Pro inside its broader ChatGPT plan structure, which gives the model a visible consumer-to-pro deployment logic.
Claude Opus 4.6 is available on claude.ai, through the Claude API, and on major cloud platforms.
Its availability is serious and broad, though the reviewed source set is clearer on the existence of the model than on the exact fine-grained consumer entitlement matrix inside every Claude plan.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is available across Gemini consumer surfaces and developer-facing Google AI Studio or Gemini API surfaces.
That gives Google a broad deployment map as well, though the reviewed material shows the developer-facing model in a preview naming posture.
So the availability question is not whether these models are real products with real reach.
They are.
The more relevant distinction is whether the model appears as a standard flagship, a premium top-end option, or a preview-oriented developer model depending on the surface being used.
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· GPT-5.4 has a very explicit availability map across ChatGPT, API, and Codex.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is broadly available across Claude-facing and API-facing surfaces.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is broad in reach, though the developer-facing reviewed model identifier is still presented in preview form.
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Availability by surface
Surface | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Consumer app | Yes | Yes | Yes |
API | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Coding-oriented product surface | Yes, via Codex | Yes, via Claude tooling and API ecosystem | Yes, via Google AI Studio and Gemini API posture |
Enterprise or cloud presence | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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Context horizon is similar in headline numbers, though the operational status of that context is not identical.
All three models reach roughly one million tokens of context in the reviewed source set, while the status of that capability differs across standard, beta, and preview conditions.
GPT-5.4 has a published API context window of 1,050,000 tokens and a maximum output of 128,000 tokens.
That gives it the strongest standard published context figure among the three in the reviewed material.
Claude Opus 4.6 reaches one million tokens of context and 128,000 output tokens, though Anthropic documents that one-million-token context under a beta posture with header and tier conditions.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is listed in Google’s developer-facing material with a one-million-token context profile and a 64,000-token output ceiling.
This is where the comparison becomes narrower than the headline numbers suggest.
OpenAI exposes one-million-scale context as a standard published capability.
Anthropic exposes similar context scale, though under a beta and gated condition.
Google exposes one-million-scale context in preview-oriented developer materials and pairs it with a lower max output than the other two.
So the right reading is not that all three are context-equivalent.
The right reading is that all three operate in the same long-context class, while standardization, gating, and output ceilings remain meaningfully different.
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· GPT-5.4 has the strongest standard published context figure in the reviewed sources.
· Claude Opus 4.6 reaches one million context under a beta and tier-gated posture.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro reaches one million context with a lower max output than GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.6.
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Context and output horizon
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Context window | 1.05M | 1M | 1M |
Max output | 128K | 128K | 64K |
Operational posture | Mainline published capability | Beta and gated | Preview-oriented developer model capability |
Main practical distinction | Highest published standard context | Strong context with conditional rollout | Strong context with lower output ceiling |
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API pricing separates the three much more clearly than the product descriptions do.
The pricing structure places Gemini 3.1 Pro lowest in reviewed base token cost, GPT-5.4 in the middle, and Claude Opus 4.6 as the most expensive premium option at the flagship layer.
At base pricing, Gemini 3.1 Pro is listed at $2 per one million input tokens and $12 per one million output tokens in the reviewed Google developer materials.
GPT-5.4 is priced at $2.50 per one million input tokens and $15 per one million output tokens in the reviewed OpenAI material.
Claude Opus 4.6 is priced at $5 per one million input tokens and $25 per one million output tokens in the reviewed Anthropic material.
That spread is not subtle.
Claude Opus 4.6 is materially more expensive than the other two.
GPT-5.4 is more expensive than Gemini 3.1 Pro, though still meaningfully cheaper than Opus 4.6.
All three also introduce more expensive pricing once the prompt passes the larger long-context threshold documented by each vendor.
The threshold itself differs.
OpenAI moves to its higher regime above 272K input tokens.
Anthropic moves above 200K.
Google also uses a higher-cost bracket above 200K in the reviewed pricing material.
This means pricing is not only about the base token line.
It is also about when the model becomes substantially more expensive during large sessions.
That distinction is especially important for organizations planning long-context analysis, agent runs, or large document workloads.
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· Gemini 3.1 Pro is the lowest-priced flagship-tier option in the reviewed base API pricing.
· GPT-5.4 sits in the middle on reviewed flagship API cost.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is the most expensive premium option in the reviewed flagship API set.
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Flagship API pricing comparison
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Base input price | $2.50 / 1M | $5 / 1M | $2 / 1M |
Base output price | $15 / 1M | $25 / 1M | $12 / 1M |
Higher-cost threshold | Above 272K | Above 200K | Above 200K |
Cache pricing | Published | Published | Published |
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Tool use, coding, and agent posture are strong on all three, though each vendor stresses a different kind of strength.
These are all tool-capable high-end models, while the strongest official story differs across computer use, long coding sessions, multimodal agent work, and workflow integration.
OpenAI’s GPT-5.4 release stresses tool search, deep research, professional workflow integration, and native computer use.
That gives GPT-5.4 a strong official posture as a broad production model for serious tool-connected execution.
Anthropic stresses Claude Opus 4.6 as a major step forward for agentic planning, long coding sessions, and complex tool use.
The emphasis there is more tightly centered on premium agent behavior, code reliability, and large-codebase or long-session work.
Google stresses Gemini 3.1 Pro as its best model for agentic coding and multimodal reasoning, which broadens the comparison beyond plain text and code into richer multimodal execution.
The three therefore overlap, though they are not stressed in the same way.
GPT-5.4 is presented as the broad professional and tool-execution flagship.
Claude Opus 4.6 is presented as the premium agent-and-coding specialist at the top of Claude’s stack.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is presented as Google’s strongest complex-task model with a notably strong multimodal and agentic-coding posture.
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· GPT-5.4 is framed around broad professional tool-connected execution and computer use.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is framed around premium agentic planning and long coding work.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is framed around multimodal reasoning and agentic coding.
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Tool and coding posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Coding emphasis | Broad flagship coding plus Codex integration | Premium coding and agentic planning | Agentic and vibe coding emphasis |
Tool-use emphasis | Tool search, deep research, computer use | Complex tool use and long coding sessions | Improved tool use and agentic multimodal workflows |
Multimodal posture | Text and image | Text and image | Text, image, video, audio, and code |
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Public evaluation signal exists for all three, though the benchmark packaging is not equally easy to compare.
OpenAI provides the clearest single public score table in the reviewed source set, while Anthropic and Google provide strong performance narratives and model-card evidence that are less neatly normalized into one direct three-way benchmark sheet.
GPT-5.4 is supported by an OpenAI launch page that includes an explicit benchmark table.
That table includes metrics such as GDPval, SWE-Bench Pro, and OSWorld-Verified, which makes GPT-5.4 easier to summarize in numerical form.
Claude Opus 4.6 is supported by strong official claims around leadership in agentic coding, search, tool use, finance, and long-context work.
The public evidence is serious, though in the reviewed source set it is not packaged into a single cross-vendor table as cleanly as OpenAI’s launch presentation.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is supported by Google’s model card and methodology materials, which are detailed and technically useful.
Those materials make clear that Google is taking evaluation seriously across reasoning, multimodality, long-context behavior, and tool use.
The packaging is different again.
The Google evidence is rich, though not reduced in the reviewed set to one concise public table directly comparable line by line against GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.6.
So the evaluation story remains strong across all three.
The comparability story remains incomplete.
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· GPT-5.4 has the clearest public benchmark packaging in the reviewed source set.
· Claude Opus 4.6 has strong official performance claims, especially around agents and long coding work.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has strong model-card and methodology evidence, though not one simple reviewed cross-vendor table against the other two.
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Public evaluation posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Public benchmark packaging | Clearest reviewed score table | Strong claims plus selected evidence | Strong model card plus methodology documentation |
Main evaluation strength | Explicit benchmark presentation | Premium agentic and long-context claims | Broad reasoning, multimodal, and long-context evaluation scope |
Cross-vendor normalization | Incomplete | Incomplete | Incomplete |
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The cleanest selection logic depends on whether the priority is standard flagship breadth, premium agent specialization, or lower-cost multimodal complexity.
GPT-5.4 is the cleanest broad flagship route, Claude Opus 4.6 is the clearest premium specialist route, and Gemini 3.1 Pro is the strongest lower-cost flagship candidate in the reviewed pricing and product set.
If the goal is a broad professional default with strong context, strong output, broad surface availability, and relatively balanced flagship pricing, GPT-5.4 has the clearest case.
If the goal is the most premium Claude-centered route for high-end agent work, longer coding sessions, and top-tier reasoning inside the Anthropic system, Claude Opus 4.6 has the clearest case.
If the goal is a top-end Google model with strong multimodal reasoning, strong agentic coding posture, and lower reviewed base API pricing than the other two, Gemini 3.1 Pro has the clearest case.
That split is more useful than a forced single-winner conclusion.
The three models sit in the same high-end market zone.
They are not strongest in the same way.
They are not exposed in the same way.
They are not priced in the same way.
And they do not all reach their long-context posture under the same operational conditions.
That is the real comparison.
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EXECUTION CONTRACT AND FLAGSHIP POSTURE
The three models occupy the same premium market tier, though the contract attached to each one is different enough that they should not be treated as interchangeable defaults.
GPT-5.4 is the broadest flagship in the group from an official product-posture standpoint, since OpenAI places it across ChatGPT, the API, and Codex and frames it as the frontier model for complex professional work.
Claude Opus 4.6 is positioned more narrowly and more sharply, with Anthropic treating it as the premium Opus path for agentic planning, harder coding work, and long-horizon professional tasks rather than as the most generalized public default across every surface.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is Google’s top complex-task model in the reviewed source set, with the strongest official emphasis on reasoning, multimodality, instruction following, and agentic coding, though its developer-side presentation still carries preview framing that affects how “settled” the model feels operationally.
The cleanest reading is therefore structural.
GPT-5.4 is the broad flagship.
Claude Opus 4.6 is the premium specialist flagship.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is the advanced multimodal flagship with the strongest low-cost posture among the three at the reviewed API layer.
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· GPT-5.4 is the broadest flagship by official surface posture.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is the most premium specialist by official agentic and coding framing.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is the strongest multimodal flagship in the reviewed set and the cheapest at the base flagship API layer.
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Flagship posture by model
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Official posture | Frontier model for complex professional work | Premium Opus model for agents, coding, and hard tasks | Google’s most advanced model for complex tasks |
Identity inside vendor stack | Broad flagship | Premium specialist flagship | Advanced multimodal flagship |
Main strategic reading | Default high-end route | Premium focused route | Lower-cost advanced alternative |
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ROLLOUT STATUS, SURFACE EXPOSURE, AND WHAT IS ACTUALLY STABLE
The three models are all deployed across meaningful surfaces, though the maturity of those surfaces is not the same and this difference becomes important as soon as the comparison shifts from capability language to procurement and production logic.
GPT-5.4 has the cleanest rollout posture in the reviewed source set because OpenAI exposes it in ChatGPT, in the API, and in Codex without wrapping its headline long-context identity in beta language.
Claude Opus 4.6 is also broadly available across claude.ai, the Claude API, and major cloud surfaces, though one of its most important high-end traits, namely one-million-token context, is attached to a beta posture with header and tier conditions.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is broadly present across Gemini consumer and developer pathways, though the reviewed developer-facing material identifies it as gemini-3.1-pro-preview, which makes the rollout feel broader than experimental but still less final than a plain stable naming posture.
This means the availability story should not be reduced to “all three are available.”
They are.
The more relevant point is how available they are, under what naming posture, and whether their most powerful operating mode is standard, beta, or preview.
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· GPT-5.4 has the cleanest mainline rollout posture in the reviewed materials.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is broadly deployed, though its strongest context mode is still beta-gated.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is broadly exposed, though preview language remains part of its developer-side identity.
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Surface maturity and rollout posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Consumer surface | Mainline | Mainline | Mainline |
API surface | Mainline | Mainline | Preview-oriented naming in reviewed dev materials |
Long-context status | Mainline | Beta-gated | Mainline preview capability |
Stability reading | Cleanest | Broad but conditional at the top end | Broad with preview signaling |
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CONTEXT HORIZON, OUTPUT CEILING, AND LONG-RUN STABILITY
The headline context numbers are close enough to look symmetrical, though the operational meaning of those numbers is not symmetrical across the three models.
GPT-5.4 publishes the strongest clean standard figure in the comparison, with 1.05M context and 128K output, and does so without attaching that top-end context identity to beta gating in the reviewed source set.
Claude Opus 4.6 reaches 1M context and 128K output, though the one-million-token mode is explicitly tied to beta conditions and usage-tier or custom-rate-limit requirements, which turns the context story into both a capability story and an access story.
Gemini 3.1 Pro reaches 1M context as well, though it pairs that horizon with a 64K output ceiling rather than 128K, which makes its long-session posture strong on ingestion but somewhat narrower on maximum generated response volume.
The most important analytical correction is simple.
A one-million-token headline is not enough on its own.
The comparison also depends on whether that horizon is standard, beta, or preview, and on how much output can be produced at the far end of a large-context run.
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· GPT-5.4 has the strongest clean standard long-context posture in the reviewed set.
· Claude Opus 4.6 matches the one-million-token class, though under beta conditions.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro matches the one-million-token class with the lowest max output ceiling of the three.
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Context and output posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Context horizon | 1.05M | 1M | 1M |
Max output | 128K | 128K | 64K |
Operational status | Standard published capability | Beta-gated capability | Preview-model capability |
Main practical consequence | Cleanest long-run default | Strong but conditional long-run route | Strong long input with tighter output ceiling |
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TOOL USE, CODING DEPTH, AND WHAT EACH MODEL IS REALLY OPTIMIZED TO DO
All three models are marketed as capable of serious tool-connected work, though each vendor stresses a different form of that seriousness.
OpenAI’s GPT-5.4 is framed through a broad professional-work story that includes tool search, deep research, coding, and computer use, which makes it look like the most balanced default for mixed workflows where one model has to cover many task types without being treated as a specialist lane.
Claude Opus 4.6 is framed through agentic planning, harder coding, and longer-running tool-connected sessions, which gives it the strongest premium specialist posture when the task is less about broad coverage and more about top-end agent behavior inside the Claude ecosystem.
Gemini 3.1 Pro is framed through multimodal reasoning and agentic coding, and in the reviewed source set it has the widest stated multimodal scope across text, image, video, audio, and code, which gives it the most expansive input-side identity even when its broader production posture looks less settled than GPT-5.4’s.
This is where the comparison becomes more than a benchmark contest.
GPT-5.4 looks like the cleanest broad execution engine.
Claude Opus 4.6 looks like the premium concentrated execution engine.
Gemini 3.1 Pro looks like the broadest multimodal execution engine with the lightest base token burden.
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· GPT-5.4 is optimized around broad professional workflow coverage.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is optimized around premium agentic and coding-heavy execution.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro is optimized around multimodal reasoning and agentic coding across the widest reviewed input span.
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Execution specialization by model
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Broad professional workflows | Strongest default posture | Strong | Strong |
Premium agentic coding | Strong | Strongest premium posture | Strong |
Multimodal breadth | Moderate to strong | Strong | Strongest in reviewed input scope |
Best-fit identity | Balanced flagship | Premium specialist | Lower-cost multimodal flagship |
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PUBLIC EVAL SIGNAL, BENCHMARK PACKAGING, AND HOW MUCH CONFIDENCE THE OFFICIAL EVIDENCE REALLY SUPPORTS
The three models all have serious official performance evidence behind them, though the style of disclosure is different enough that a simple numerical winner claim would go beyond what the reviewed materials cleanly prove.
GPT-5.4 has the clearest benchmark packaging because OpenAI provides an explicit public score table with figures such as GDPval 83.0% wins or ties, SWE-Bench Pro 57.7%, and OSWorld-Verified 75.0%, which makes its public evidence unusually easy to summarize.
Claude Opus 4.6 has strong official leadership language around agentic coding, search, tool use, finance, and long-context work, though the reviewed source set does not package those claims into one equally neat public cross-vendor scoreboard.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has a rich evaluation posture through its model card and methodology notes, especially around reasoning, multimodality, tool use, and long context, though again the official evidence is not condensed into one simple table directly aligned to GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.6.
The safe conclusion is therefore narrower.
GPT-5.4 has the best-packaged public eval story.
Claude Opus 4.6 has a strong premium-performance story.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has a dense technically documented model-card story.
The reviewed materials do not support a clean universal-winner statement across all three.
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· GPT-5.4 has the clearest public benchmark packaging.
· Claude Opus 4.6 has strong official performance claims without equally neat table-style disclosure in the reviewed set.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has strong model-card evidence without a simple reviewed public cross-vendor scoreboard.
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Public evidence and benchmark posture
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Disclosure style | Explicit benchmark table | Leadership claims plus selected evidence | Model card plus methodology documentation |
Public-evidence strength | Highest packaging clarity | Strong premium-performance narrative | Strong technical documentation narrative |
Cross-vendor comparability | Incomplete | Incomplete | Incomplete |
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ROUTING LOGIC, PRICE DISCIPLINE, AND THE CLEANEST WAY TO ACTUALLY CHOOSE BETWEEN THEM
The strongest practical split is to treat GPT-5.4 as the broad default flagship, Claude Opus 4.6 as the premium specialist route, and Gemini 3.1 Pro as the lowest-cost advanced multimodal route.
GPT-5.4 is the easiest model to justify when the requirement is one primary flagship that is broadly deployed, strongly benchmarked in public, long-context capable in standard form, and materially cheaper than Claude Opus 4.6 while remaining more operationally settled than Gemini 3.1 Pro in the reviewed source set.
Claude Opus 4.6 becomes easier to justify when the buyer wants the premium Claude path specifically for harder agentic and coding work and is comfortable paying the largest token premium in the comparison.
Gemini 3.1 Pro becomes easier to justify when multimodal breadth and lower base API cost are the priority, especially if the lower output ceiling and preview-oriented developer posture are acceptable trade-offs.
That routing logic is stricter and more useful than trying to force a single winner across all conditions.
The three models sit in the same premium bracket.
They diverge in maturity, pricing, specialization, and operating posture.
That is the actual comparison supported by the reviewed official evidence.
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PERFORMANCE POSTURE AND HOW THE THREE VENDORS PACKAGE THEIR EVIDENCE
The first performance difference is not the raw score itself and is instead the way each company presents evidence, because OpenAI gives the cleanest public benchmark table, Anthropic gives strong frontier claims plus selected benchmark anchors, and Google gives the densest methodology-first model-card structure.
OpenAI’s GPT-5.4 launch page is the easiest of the three to summarize numerically, since it publishes one compact table with direct values for GDPval, SWE-Bench Pro (Public), OSWorld-Verified, Toolathlon, and BrowseComp, all against earlier OpenAI models.
Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.6 page is more narrative in structure.
It still provides hard performance anchors, though the packaging is different.
The reviewed official materials emphasize leadership across agentic coding, computer use, tool use, search, finance, and long-context retrieval, while spotlighting a few particularly strong metrics rather than one small all-purpose public table rendered as plain text.
Google’s Gemini 3.1 Pro material is the most methodology-heavy of the three.
The model card and the evaluation-methodology PDF explicitly explain benchmark scope, pass@1 settings, single-attempt assumptions, self-computed versus externally sourced numbers, and even benchmark-specific caveats such as harness issues and blocklists for search-heavy tasks.
That means the three official performance stories are all serious, though they are not equally easy to reduce into one cross-vendor line-by-line scoreboard.
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· GPT-5.4 has the clearest public benchmark packaging.
· Claude Opus 4.6 has strong official performance evidence, though it is surfaced more through highlighted categories and selected benchmark anchors.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has the densest methodology-first documentation in the reviewed source set.
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How the evidence is packaged
Model | Main official evidence style | Main analytical consequence |
ChatGPT 5.4 | Compact public benchmark table | Easiest to summarize numerically |
Claude Opus 4.6 | Narrative launch page plus highlighted benchmark anchors and system-card material | Strong evidence, less table-like in plain public presentation |
Gemini 3.1 Pro | Model card plus methodology PDF and benchmark table image | Richest technical context, less instantly digestible |
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REASONING, KNOWLEDGE WORK, AND HIGH-VALUE PROFESSIONAL TASKS
On pure reasoning and knowledge-work posture, GPT-5.4 has the cleanest official numeric story in the reviewed material, Gemini 3.1 Pro has the strongest broad benchmark spread against multiple strong baselines in one model-card table, and Claude Opus 4.6 has a strong expert-task story built around GDPval-AA and enterprise-style work categories.
OpenAI reports 83.0% wins or ties on GDPval for GPT-5.4, and its fuller launch table also shows 68.1% on OfficeQA, 92.8% on GPQA Diamond, 39.8% on Humanity’s Last Exam without tools, and 52.1% with tools for GPT-5.4, while GPT-5.4 Pro pushes some of those higher.
Gemini 3.1 Pro posts 77.1% on ARC-AGI-2, 94.3% on GPQA Diamond, 44.4% on Humanity’s Last Exam without tools, and 51.4% on the search-plus-code setting in Google’s official model-evaluation table.
Those numbers matter because they show Google’s model performing at an extremely high level on reasoning and academic-knowledge tasks while also staying competitive on tool-augmented expert evaluation settings.
Anthropic’s public performance story for Claude Opus 4.6 in this area is centered less on a long list of plain-text benchmark numbers and more on selected high-signal statements.
The launch page says that on GDPval-AA Opus 4.6 outperforms the next-best model, identified there as GPT-5.2, by roughly 144 Elo points, and also describes Opus 4.6 as better at reasoning after absorbing information across very long contexts.
So the reasoning picture is not flat.
GPT-5.4 has the clearest public all-round professional-work score packaging.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has the strongest single official table against a broad set of current strong baselines.
Claude Opus 4.6 has a strong expert-task and long-context-reasoning story, even when the reviewed official material is less condensed into one universally convenient table.
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· GPT-5.4 has the clearest official public numeric story on reasoning and professional-work benchmarks.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has a very strong official benchmark spread on reasoning-heavy tasks.
· Claude Opus 4.6 has a strong GDPval-AA and expert-task story, though the reviewed evidence is surfaced differently.
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Reasoning and knowledge-work signal
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
GDP-style knowledge-work signal | 83.0% wins or ties on GDPval | ~144 Elo over GPT-5.2 on GDPval-AA | 1317 GDPval-AA Elo |
GPQA Diamond | 92.8% | Public launch page emphasizes expert reasoning, not a plain-text GPQA figure in reviewed sources | 94.3% |
ARC-AGI-2 | Not highlighted in reviewed OpenAI launch materials | Not highlighted in reviewed launch snippet | 77.1% |
Main strength in this area | Best public packaging | Strong expert-task narrative | Broad strongest table coverage |
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CODING, DEBUGGING, AND AGENTIC SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE
The coding comparison is the most unevenly packaged of the three, because GPT-5.4 has the cleanest OpenAI benchmark table, Gemini 3.1 Pro has one very broad benchmark table with strong coding numbers, and Claude Opus 4.6 is described most aggressively through premium agentic-coding language and selected capability claims.
OpenAI reports 57.7% on SWE-Bench Pro (Public) and 75.1% on Terminal-Bench 2.0 for GPT-5.4.
The same launch material also notes that GPT-5.4 incorporates frontier coding capability from GPT-5.3-Codex while broadening the model’s reach across professional work, tool use, and computer use.
Gemini 3.1 Pro posts 54.2% on SWE-Bench Pro (Public), 80.6% on SWE-Bench Verified, 68.5% on Terminal-Bench 2.0, 2887 Elo on LiveCodeBench Pro, 59% on SciCode, and 33.5% on APEX-Agents in Google’s official evaluation table.
That is one of the densest official coding profiles published by any vendor in the reviewed source set.
Anthropic’s public claim for Claude Opus 4.6 is different in style.
The company describes Opus 4.6 as industry-leading in agentic coding, says it is stronger on planning and long-running software tasks, and highlights additional evaluation areas such as root cause analysis, multilingual coding, and long-term coherence in the launch page, though the reviewed plain-text public material does not expose one compact SWE-Bench-style number list the same way OpenAI and Google do here.
This leaves a useful split.
GPT-5.4 has the clearest straightforward public coding benchmark story.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official coding table in the reviewed set.
Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest premium agentic-coding narrative, though its public plain-text score disclosure is less compressed into one convenient excerpt.
........
· GPT-5.4 has the clearest compact public benchmark packaging on coding.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official coding-table coverage in the reviewed source set.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is presented most strongly as a premium agentic-coding model, even when the reviewed public score packaging is less compact.
........
Coding and agentic software signal
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
SWE-Bench Pro (Public) | 57.7% | Not exposed as a compact plain-text figure in reviewed sources | 54.2% |
Terminal-Bench 2.0 | 75.1% | Strong official agentic-coding posture, no compact figure in reviewed plain-text sources | 68.5% |
SWE-Bench Verified | Not the headline benchmark in reviewed OpenAI launch table | Not exposed as a compact plain-text figure in reviewed sources | 80.6% |
Extra coding depth | GPT-5.3-Codex integration | Root-cause, long-horizon, premium agent coding narrative | LiveCodeBench, SciCode, APEX-Agents coverage |
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LONG-CONTEXT RETRIEVAL, CONTEXT ROT, AND REASONING AFTER HUGE INPUTS
This is the area where Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest official qualitative and quantitative long-context story, Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official comparative table in the reviewed set, and GPT-5.4 has the cleanest mainline long-context deployment posture.
Anthropic’s launch page makes a major point of long-context retrieval quality and explicitly discusses context rot.
It states that on the 8-needle 1M variant of MRCR v2, Claude Opus 4.6 scores 76%, while Sonnet 4.5 scores 18.5%, and it describes this as a qualitative shift in how much context the model can actually use while maintaining performance.
Gemini 3.1 Pro’s official evaluation table reports 84.9% on MRCR v2 (8-needle) at 128K average, and 26.3% pointwise at 1M context.
The methodology document also explains why Google reports both cumulative and pointwise long-context values and how it tries to keep those results comparable.
OpenAI’s GPT-5.4 launch material does not foreground MRCR-style long-context retrieval numbers in the same way.
Its strength in this part of the comparison is different.
OpenAI gives GPT-5.4 a 1.05M standard published context window and then backs the model with broad benchmark results on coding, tool use, search, professional work, and computer use rather than one heavily highlighted “context rot” narrative.
This creates a more nuanced split than a simple headline window comparison.
Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest official long-context retrieval narrative.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official comparative long-context table in the reviewed set.
GPT-5.4 has the cleanest fully standard long-context deployment posture and a stronger general-performance framing around that large context.
.......。
· Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest official “context rot” and long-context retrieval story.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official long-context comparative table in the reviewed material.
· GPT-5.4 has the cleanest mainline long-context deployment posture, even though its reviewed public materials stress broader performance more than MRCR-style retrieval specifically.
.......。
Long-context performance signal
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
Standard long-context posture | 1.05M mainline | 1M beta-gated | 1M preview capability |
Highlighted long-context public story | Broad performance under large context | Strongest context-rot and retrieval story | Strongest comparative official long-context table |
MRCR v2 signal in reviewed sources | Not highlighted in reviewed launch table | 76% on 1M 8-needle launch-page figure | 84.9% at 128K average, 26.3% pointwise at 1M |
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TOOL USE, SEARCH, COMPUTER USE, AND WHAT EACH MODEL DOES BEST OUTSIDE PURE TEXT BENCHMARKS
Outside pure coding and reasoning tables, GPT-5.4 has the strongest explicit public numeric story for computer use and search, Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest premium tool-use leadership claims, and Gemini 3.1 Pro has the strongest broad comparative official table across agentic tool benchmarks.
GPT-5.4 scores 75.0% on OSWorld-Verified, 54.6% on Toolathlon, and 82.7% on BrowseComp in OpenAI’s official launch table, with GPT-5.4 Pro reaching 89.3% on BrowseComp in the fuller launch material.
That combination gives GPT-5.4 the strongest clean public story around computer use, tool use, and web-search-style execution in the reviewed source set.
Claude Opus 4.6 is described by Anthropic as better than any other model on BrowseComp, industry-leading across computer use, tool use, and search, and stronger at finding information across large contexts and online sources.
Those are strong claims, though they are not packaged as a plain-text public score grid in the reviewed excerpts with the same compactness as OpenAI’s and Google’s tables.
Gemini 3.1 Pro’s official evaluation table reports 69.2% on MCP Atlas, 85.9% on BrowseComp, 90.8% on τ2-bench Retail, and 99.3% on τ2-bench Telecom.
That set is unusually strong and unusually broad, especially because the same official table also shows the comparative baselines side by side.
This means the tool-use picture is more balanced than the reasoning-only comparison.
GPT-5.4 has the strongest compact public story for computer-use execution.
Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest premium tool-use leadership claims.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has the strongest official comparative table breadth on tool-heavy and search-heavy evaluation in the reviewed materials.
.......。
· GPT-5.4 has the strongest explicit public numeric packaging for computer use and search.
· Claude Opus 4.6 is officially positioned as industry-leading across search, tool use, and computer use.
· Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official comparative table on tool-heavy benchmarks in the reviewed set.
.......。
Tool-use and search performance signal
Area | ChatGPT 5.4 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Gemini 3.1 Pro |
OSWorld / computer-use signal | 75.0% OSWorld-Verified | Officially very strong, not exposed as compact plain-text score in reviewed snippets | Not foregrounded the same way in reviewed materials |
BrowseComp | 82.7%, with Pro at 89.3% | Officially stated as best of any model | 85.9% |
MCP-style tool workflow | 67.2% on MCP Atlas | Strong tool-use claims | 69.2% on MCP Atlas |
τ2-bench | Not the emphasized public story | Strong tool-use claims | 90.8% Retail, 99.3% Telecom |
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WHAT THE PERFORMANCE EVIDENCE ACTUALLY SUPPORTS AND WHERE A CLEAN WINNER STILL BREAKS DOWN
The official evidence supports differentiated strengths much more strongly than it supports one universal winner claim, because the three vendors are measuring and presenting excellence in overlapping but not perfectly normalized ways.
GPT-5.4 has the cleanest public benchmark packaging and the strongest simple flagship story when a buyer wants a broadly deployed model with strong public scores across knowledge work, coding, search, tool use, and computer use.
Claude Opus 4.6 has the strongest premium story on agentic planning and long-context retrieval quality, especially when the evaluation focus shifts toward context degradation, information retrieval across vast text, and premium coding-agent behavior over longer sessions.
Gemini 3.1 Pro has the broadest official comparative table in the reviewed set, the strongest official spread across reasoning, coding, search, tool use, and multimodal-oriented evaluation, and one of the clearest methodology notes explaining how those scores were generated.
The correct high-confidence conclusion is therefore not “one is best at everything.”
It is that GPT-5.4 is the strongest broad flagship in benchmark presentation and mainstream deployment posture, Claude Opus 4.6 is the strongest premium specialist on long-context retrieval and high-end agentic framing, and Gemini 3.1 Pro is the strongest officially documented all-round challenger when breadth of comparative evaluation and lower-cost flagship positioning are both considered.
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